As climate change accelerates, no country can escape its impacts entirely. But some are far better positioned than others to withstand the shocks—thanks to strong institutions, progressive policies, and forward-thinking energy systems. According to Geographical and the 2024 Notre-Dame Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAI), these five nations top the global list for climate resilience.

Singapore may be small, but it’s proving mighty in climate planning. The city-state has embraced green urban development, electric mobility, and even centralised cooling systems to reduce emissions. Nearly half the island is covered in green space. Still, per-capita emissions remain high due to its dense, high-tech economy.

Denmark, sharing fourth place, is a climate policy trailblazer. It was the first nation to introduce a tax on livestock emissions and aims to be carbon neutral by 2045. The country also topped the latest Climate Change Performance Index, thanks to aggressive CO₂ reduction targets and green energy investments. As sea levels rise, Denmark’s advanced adaptation strategies are already shaping the cities of tomorrow.

Switzerland ranks third thanks to targeted emission reductions and policies like methane control in agriculture. Zurich, its largest city, is leading the charge against urban air pollution. The country has legally committed to net zero by 2050, a move that lifted its international climate ratings. But Switzerland’s financial sector tells a different story: major banks and insurers continue to fund fossil fuel projects abroad. At home, however, the government’s steady climate actions and reliable infrastructure keep it near the top of global readiness rankings.

Finland has set one of the world’s most ambitious climate goals: carbon neutrality by 2035. Its fossil fuel use is well below average, partly due to nuclear power, including Europe’s largest reactor, Olkiluoto 3. The country’s energy mix is increasingly clean, and public trust in government supports bold climate action. Still, Finland faces setbacks, such as forest loss from excessive logging—threatening one of its key carbon sinks. Despite this, its long-term strategy and infrastructure make it one of the most climate-resilient nations.